5 top tracking apps for your 2018 goals

5 top following applications for your 2018 objectives The finish of 2017 is directly around the bend, and if you’re like a great many people your mind is turning towards defining objectives for yourself for 2018. Likewise, you might be understanding that you’re going to leave on a natural cycle: setting a lot of fantastic designs for yourself for the coming year that rapidly self-destruct, once in a while before you even get the chance to yell â€Å"Happy New Year!† If this seems like your common finish of-year conduct, don’t feel really awful you’re not the only one! As indicated by an ongoing Huffington Post article, â€Å"Only 8 percent of peopleâ actually keep their New Year’s goals, as per one generally refered to measurement. There are numerous reasonsâ people can’t adhere to their goals, from setting such a large number of them to getting crashed by little disappointments. Setting excessively yearning and prohibitive goals―like stopping sugar when you haven’t as of now been rolling out little improvements to improve your diet―is one significant reason for disappointment. While you may at first feel motivated and empowered by defining victory objectives for 2017, the shine of these goals blurs immediately when we understand that they are so hard to keep.†That stated, defining objectives for 2018 may appear daunting―but there is a way towards progress and there are apparatuses for helping you remain on target. Nowadays, you don’t need anything over your cell phone and a supportive following application to keep you concentrated and on track as you progress in the direction of your goals.There are a huge amount of objective following applications accessible, and picking the correct one for you can turn into a major task all by itself. Take a full breath-we’ve felt free to choose five of the most accommodating objective following applications accessible to assist you with accomplishing your objectives in the new year.1. GoalsOnTrackBilling itself as â€Å"goal programming for high achievers,† GoalsOnTrack engages clients to make SMART-based objectives (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely) and gives heaps of valuable highlights to assist clients with remaining on target like slowing down huge, long haul objectives into simpler to-oversee and sort out achievements and subgoals. GoalsOnTrack likewise permits you to set centered activity plans, repeating assignments (with supportive updates!), and undertaking plans that are anything but difficult to refresh and change with you. It even has a journaling alternative and adaptable music and photograph highlights to help keep you roused and picture success.2. Coach.meThis convenient propensity following application includes a free portable form just as adaptable expense based alternatives, which even incorporates a genuine mentor to help save your objectives for 2018 close enough. When you set a propensity for yourself u tilizing the application, you can start following your day by day progress, set accommodating targets and updates, see week by week and month to month conduct inclines, and even interface with a strong network for support and direction all intended to assist you with framing new and positive propensities in your life.3. StridesStrides is a free, an across the board objective and propensity following application that includes an assortment of accommodating following formats that you can utilize, or ones that you can alter. It has a large group of supportive visuals that are open from a focal dashboard, which gains it simple to see your ground (or scarcity in that department) and retool likewise. Clients of the free application rendition can follow up to 10 objectives one after another on any of their iOS-based gadgets; clients who require more noteworthy adaptability and force can exploit the expense based Strides Plus premium plan.4. Method of LifeWay of Life calls itself â€Å"The Ultimate Habit Builder and Breaker† and highlights a wide scope of supportive visual following highlights, including pie diagrams, bar outlines with simple to-peruse pattern lines, and a scoreboard that gives moment criticism. It likewise permits you to tag, skip, offer, and chronicle objectives, set numerous every day updates, take notes, and fare to email and different applications. The free form lets you track up to three objectives, propensities, or practices that you need to increment or lessening; charge based choices let you open extra highlights and resources.5. ATrackerIs your bustling life a day by day battle to complete everything and monitor everything? Provided that this is true, at that point ATracker could possibly be the lifeline you need. This time-following application is intended to ensure that you’re amplifying your time every day towards adequately seeking after your objectives. The application lets you track the time you spend on an assortment of picked errands and view every day breakdowns in pie outlines or visual diagrams so you can rapidly perceive how your waking hours are being spent and make modifications in like manner. There are free and expense based forms accessible, in light of your individual needs and goals.There you have it-the top following applications to assist you with defining your objectives for 2018 and remain on target. You should simply choose the one that appears to be best for you, and not let pardons hinder you accomplishing your objectives.

Panayiotopoulos Syndrome in a 3 Year Old Child

Panayiotopoulos Syndrome in a 3 Year Old Child Considerate occipital epilepsy of adolescence - Panayiotopoulos condition in a multi year old kid Menon Narayanankutty Sunilkumar *, Vadakut Krishnan Parvathy Branch of Pediatrics, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur-680 555, Kerala, India M N Sunil Kumar V K Parvathy Running title: Panayiotopoulos disorder in a multi year old kid Original copy type: Case study * Author for correspondence, Dr. Menon Narayanankutty Sunilkumar Unique Panayiotopoulos disorder (PS) is a moderately visit and considerate epileptic condition found in kids in the age gathering of 3-6 years and is portrayed by overwhelmingly autonomic side effects or potentially basic engine central seizures followed or not by disability of cognizance. In spite of the fact that multifocal spikes with high abundancy sharp-moderate wave edifices at different areas can be available in the EEG, interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) in kids with this specific kind of epilepsy typically shows occipital spikes. This condition has known to be an impostor and can copy gastroenteritis, encephalitis, syncope, headache, rest issue or metabolic infections. Without careful information on sorts of benevolent epilepsy disorder and their different clinical introductions, epilepsy, for example, PS can be not entirely obvious. The impossible to miss parts of this sort of epilepsy in youngsters ought to be known by pediatricians as well as by general specialists in light o f the fact that a right finding would evade forceful intercessions and worries by virtue of its kindhearted result. For this situation study, we report an instance of PS in a multi year old youngster. Watchwords: Benign occipital epilepsy, Panayiotopoulos condition, Autonomic indications, Emesis, EEG I NTRO DUCTION The International League Against Epilepsy in their master accord has given due significance for the different kindhearted youth seizures which have great prognosis.1 PS is a typical idiopathic adolescence explicit seizure issue officially perceived by the class and is remembered for the classification of amiable epilepsy disorder and is perceived worldwide for its autonomic presentations.2,3 This beginning stage generous youth seizures was depicted by Panayiotopoulos.4 . It has been characterized by Panayiotopoulos as comprising of brief, inconsistent assaults or delayed status epilepticus and portrayed by ictal deviation of the eyes and additionally head and heaving, happening in youngsters as a rule between the ages of 3 and 7 years.5 Seizures are generally trailed by postictal cerebral pain and are frequently connected with interictal occipital musical paroxysmal EEG movement that shows up simply after eye closure.5 The PS has brilliant guess and guardians can be unquestionably consoled about its kind course 4,6,7,8,9. The danger of creating seizure issue in later life is insignificant 6. Recognition of occipital epilepsy at beginning time is expected to effectively treat this condition and ease the feelings of trepidation of the guardians and parental figures of these youngsters with PS.In this case report, we examine about the occipital epilepsy in a multi year old young lady kid. CASE REPORT A 3-year-old young lady, just kin from a poor financial group of a non-consanguineous couple, introduced in the Out-quiet Department of Pediatrics, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, with objections of getting limp after unexpected scene of retching, trailed by uprolling of eyes, hardening of the both upper appendages and lower appendages and a short time of drowsiness.The kid was joyfully playing in the house about 30 minutes back.There was no related fever,trauma,ear release ,no regular pediatric ailments like diarrhea,dysuria,cough,running nose,wheezing,throat torment. A nitty gritty history was taken. The kid was conceived of a non-consanguinous parents,fullterm typical vaginal delivery,with a birth weight of 2.215 kg. She was inoculated to date and had ordinary achievements of development.The history uncovered that she had comparable scenes of heaving particularly getting from rest and having deviation of eyes to one side,becoming limp and followed by tiredness for few moments in the past from the age of 1  ½ years old. Generally speaking she had 5-6 such scenes and multiple times she had these scenes when she was sleeping.There was no related fever during these scenes. Multiple times she had solidifying of the considerable number of appendages with deviation of eyes to one side,and followed by sleepiness. There was no central kind of seizures in this youngster. The guardians ascribed these to acid reflux and gave home cures as consistently there was retching and tiredness following the episodes.The kid at that point used to play around ordinar ily. One month back the youngster was seen by a neighborhood specialist who exhorted EEG and it was done which was accounted for as typical and guardians were prompted development. The youngster on confirmation was drained, yet was cognizant. On examination,she was afebrile,signs of meningeal disturbance were missing, focal sensory system assessment was normal,neurocutaneous markers were absent,fundus assessment was typical. Other foundational assessments were normal.Laboratory examinations indicated hemoglobin (11.7 g/dl) with low files, all out leucocyte tally (11,550/cumm), neutrophils (75%), lymphocytes (22%), platelets (210000/ µl), ESR (35mm at1 hr),serum calcium(10 mg%),SGPT(28mg/dl),serum electrolytes levels were normal.EEG was done(Figure-1A and B) and announced as evenly dispersed typical rest activities,with initiation of uncommon sharp wave releases emerging from the left occipital region.An wakeful record couldn't be gotten. The determination of PS was made dependent on the clinical history and EEG which demonstrated the dominatingly occipital spikes. She was begun on carbamazepine with expanding the portion calendar to her necessary weight. The youngster didn't have any hypersensitive response to the medication and didn't advance autonomic flimsiness. She and her folks were given amazing passionate and pschycological strong consideration, After finish of 5 days of perception for her manifestations and any hypersensitivity to the she was released on day 6 with progress in clinical conditions on multivitamins, hematinics and deworming drugs with a counsel to catch up . Conversation PS portrayed by Panayiotopoulos4 is a typical autonomic youth epileptic condition with a huge clinical, pathophysiological qualities and is multifocal.10 PS is presently officially perceived as a particular clinical element inside the range of generous central epilepsies of childhood.11 PS influences 13% of kids matured 3 to 6 years who have had at least 1 afebrile seizures and 6% of such youngsters are in the 1-to 15-year age group.6,7,12. Autonomic epileptic seizures and autonomic status epilepticus are the cardinal indications of Panayiotopoulos syndrome.12. The primary part of PS is that regardless of their area at beginning, there is actuation of autonomic unsettling influences and emesis, to which kids are especially defenseless. These manifestations and example of autonomic seizures and autonomic status epilepticus in PS don't happen in grown-ups and are quite certain to adolescence. 12 PS is regularly mistaken for occipital epilepsy and intense non-epileptic issue, for example, encephalitis, syncope, cyclic retching or atypical headache even with trademark clinical and EEG indications. 13 The clinical and EEG highlights of PS is because of an a development related diffuse cortical hyperexcitability 4,6. This diffuse epileptogenicitywhich might be inconsistent distributed,is prevailing in one region of the cerebrum , and is frequently back. The clarification for the trademark association of emetic and the autonomic frameworks might be ascribed to epileptic releases which are produced at different cortical areas andthis thus impact the children’s powerless emetic communities and the nerve center 4,6. The conclusion depends altogether on clinical introduction and EEG.12 PS has a portion of the key clinical highlights which are regularly present as single, central seizures with an abnormal group of stars of autonomic, fundamentally emetic, symptoms,associated social changes, and here and there seizure like clinical appearances, for example, one-sided deviation of the eyes and spasms 3,4,7,8,9,13. The emetic ternion in PS (nausea,retching, regurgitating) finishes in spewing in 74% of the seizures; in others, just queasiness or heaving happens, and in a couple, retching may not be available. Other autonomic indications incorporate whiteness, , mydriasis or miosis, flushing or cyanosis thermoregulatory and cardiorespiratory changes. As often as possible incontinence of pee as well as dung, hypersalivation, cephalic sensations, and alterations of intestinal motility are likewise seen9. Half of the seizures end with hemiconvulsions or summed up spasms. 66% happen during rest as was found in our youngster for around multiple times.. Autonomic status epilep ticus enveals at that point.. The seizures typically keep going for 5â€15 min, however 50% of them are drawn out, here and there for quite a long time, establishing autonomic status epilepticus. The patient recoups inside a couple of hours. considerably after the most serious seizures scenes and status.12 An electroencephalogram is the main examination with unusual outcomes, for the most part demonstrating numerous spikes in different cerebrum locations.12Multifocal spikes that prevail in the back locales portray the EEG 6.The EEG fluctuation in our offspring of 3 years is indicating the trademark occipital spikes from the left occipital district. The EEG completed 5 months back was typical in our kid. PS is the second most regular amiable condition of youth after rolandic epilepsy,which essentially influences 15% of kids at a pinnacle beginning at age 7â€9 years 1. Another epileptic condition ordered with PS and rolandic epilepsy is the Gastaut type youth occipital epilepsy 2, showing with successive and brief visual seizures. Notwithstanding, this is rare,of unsure visualization, and notably not the same as PS,despite basic interictal EEG indications of occipita

Strategies to Help You Get a Meeting with Leading Venture Capitalists

Strategies to Help You Get a Meeting with Leading Venture Capitalists © Shutterstock.com | Andrey BurmakinIn this article, we explore 1) the reasons for seeking venture capital, 2) approaching venture capital funds, 3) qualities that VCs love, and 4) conclusion and key insights to success.REASONS FOR SEEKING VENTURE CAPITAL?Venture Capitalists (VC’s), and angel investors are an excellent source of alternative funding to traditional bank loans. Additionally, VC’s are often at the cutting edge of vital experience and insight, plus offering a mentorship that can give an edge to any business idea. However, VC’s and angel investors may be difficult to find, and even harder to connect with, let alone getting inside the door to professionally pitch your idea.As illustrated in, ‘Financing your business through Venture Capital’, they are not automatically the preferable strategy for everyone, given that a VC will own a hefty stake in the business, impose upon the decision making and aim to bias any investment offer entirely in their favour? In return for getting your business up and running, and if such a deal is acceptableâ€" then look no further.Start with the idea.               Innovative ideas are more valuable than the cash required to give the idea life. Raising capital starts by building a quality company with a novel product or service. The real challenge lies in making it happen. However exciting an idea may be, one wants to ensure it’s one that can be profitable.APPROACHING VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS1) You must be prepared to make your pitch before you approach a VCDo not begin fundraising until everything is readyâ€"completely ready. It will waste your effort to pitch investors before an enterprise is ready. It is the same when approaching investors, if one is unprepared it leaves a negative impression with potential investors who might have been interested later on.As one approaches the fundraising phase, do remember that raising funds in itself is not the purpose â€" so do not get entangled in the process alone. It is not how much money that you raise which matters, rather it is what the investment enables the firm to accomplish â€" this determines the future success.Investors listen to thousands of pitches, most of them are weak. If you want a pitch to be impressive and extract results, then it is vital that one keeps practicing that pitch, and the pitching until one ultimately distills it to the most expeditious message for the enterprise.2) Preparing the PitchOnce all the components of your pitch are in place, youll need to build momentum before contacting potential investors. Equally, the pitch must be ready and practiced. You don’t want to trip up on a mistake or simply by being unprepared. Preparation is at least half of the game… have you fully completed the following steps 3 to 6?3) Ground WorkResearched your marketExamined your financial needsCollated your Facts and FiguresEvaluated your TeamGot customer testimonials in placeUnderstood your weaknesses and strengthsExamined the rea sons for seeking VC fundingThe tenet of the pitch is NOT for investors to give you money.It’s to attract enough interest from the relevant investors (and disinterest from unsuitable people) in order that they wish to meet you and discover more.Having completed your foundation work, you need to examine whether the pitch materials prepared, well-developed, thought through, tested, practiced and honed.4) Elements of a Pitch DeckWhoever you are pitching to, or whatever is being pitched, there are specific key points to consider.Have I researched who is being pitched to, and customized the pitch to that particular audience?Why will they be interested in our start-up or business?What is of most importance and added value to them?If these questions are used as a foundation to build a pitch deck, then you’ll be a step ahead. But, have you covered what the investor needs to know? Whether using printed sheets, PowerPoint or other media:Slides should hit high points. Each slide must elicit a response from the investorâ€"no waffle or pointless content. To achieve this, create an inspirational and compelling story which acknowledges and deals with a “so what” question.10 slides should suffice. Less is more. It can be tough to convey everything in one pitch deck of 10 … but having a guideline helps in ruthless editing, to prune away non-essential content.Attention spans are short. A pitch is typically only 10-15 minutes in which one must discuss all the points made in the deck. Perhaps if you get to pitch to a VC, you may get an hour in total. A benchmark is to clarify all assumptions and points within the 15 minute window. This leaves time for answering questions, further discussion and also allows one to drill deeper on certain issues, if required.Remember, the pitch deck is to example highlights and stimulate interest. Leave the audience wanting more and asking their questions out of interest, rather than overload with too much information that is difficult to process.Make double sure about your pitch content.5) Key Slides of a Pitch DeckDependent upon your product or business, these elements need to be covered in the pitch deck.(note: not all points will be relevant to all types of enterprise).One has the greatest attention from investors in that first minute, so how you begin is so crucial. The very first point investors wish to know is: ‘Who are you?’Moreover, VC investors need to hear a quick appraisal of what your firm does, and why it does it.Don’t waste everybody’s time recounting an autobiography or a detailed account of how you started the company. In one minute, convey the purpose of what your enterprise is about.Grab the audience with the first slide.Explain succinctly why the firm is unique and why it is going to win.Now you’ve introduced the concept and said what you doâ€"its time to move the focus on the “why.”Be sure to address:Your market potential, or the gap your firm can fill?Demonstrate customer requireme nts?How you are offering a solution or value proposition?Market Opportunity: Drill down on the market opportunity, and answer some key questions:The main characteristics of your market and industry, and what is its structure?What is the size in dollars/units?What is the sector’s growth possibility?Who will be the customers?Market Strategy: Dig in to the details of your business model and market strategy. Illustrate how you earn money (or intend to earn) and address the following questions:What are your distribution channels?What are your sales channels?What is your market penetration potential?With whom there will be strategic partnerships, if any?Competitive Advantages and Risks: Provide a précis of the competitive scenario, without denigrating competitors. Offer up an honest appraisal based upon actual competitive analysis.What is your niche market?Do you have a unique technology?Are there any barriers to entry?What are the key risks?What are the success factors?Technology: If yours is a truly state-of-the-art product, then show what you have. Convey or illustrate the technology that’s driving the enterprise. Remember the audience may not be as informed, or as excited, regarding the technology as you. Be sure to highlight:What is proprietary?Is your technology protected (patented)?What is state-of-art about your technology?What may the future technology developments be?Manufacturing/Production: This is the practical and least inspirational part of a pitch, but just as crucial. If the business is in production, then demonstrate how you have tackled potential issues of production and manufacturing, like:Is manufacturing out-sourced or in-house?What are the current and future capital equipment necessities?Will you meet regulatory, compliance, or environmental issues?Management Team: Who you are is equally as important as what you do. If there are gaps in your team, (investors know this is the case in many young enterprises), but if you are honest about the gaps, VC’s will gather that you know your business. Therefore convey:Who the key players are.What have they accomplished previously?If there are gaps in the team?Financials: Allow the investors to know the assumptions built into any financial forecasts. As well as key metrics, you need to forecast the following:What are the revenue projections for the next five years?What are the gross margins?What will the return be to investors?What is the anticipated strategy for exit?Funding Requirements: The crux of your pitch:Presumably the investors are now convinced to invest in your enterprise. Address the following:How much finance is required?Why it is required?Your requirement timing?If further rounds of financing are anticipated?6) Now You Are Ready to Approach InvestorsBefore offering investment, VC’s ask tough questions. You have now prepared for these questions, but who will you approach, and why?Research VCs and prepare a list: List VC funds. The resources section of the Nat ional Venture Capital Association (NVCA) is a good place to start.Edit the list. Short list by selecting the VCs who have invested in a similar market, particular sector and stage, similar business idea, etc. As a general rule, it’s futile to pitch an early life firm to a Californian VC if you are in Maine.Identifying partners. Identify specific partners at companies who focus on making investments at your stage of development and your specific sector. Achieve this by visiting the websites at VC firms and reviewing their portfolios and their individual partners. Try to identify the number of boards each of these partners currently sit on; you can usually do this by reading biographies and ascertaining that firm’s companies portfolio. Sort the individuals by fewest board seats first.Research those partners. Try to identify when each partner’s VC firm established its last fund. This can usually be seen by reading the press releases of the company. Prioritize the partner list by which partners have the closest sector focus that matches your own, with the lowest number of board seats at the VC Company along with the newest funds at the top of the list.Might you know someone who knows or can connect with the short-listed partners, try LinkedIn, perhaps you do know somebody within 1 or 2 degrees that is familiar with the partner. Call in that favor, if so, you are more likely to get a warm intro.If contacting VC partners, tailor the message and be ready to respond quickly to all their requests if a VC partner replies to your message.QUALITIES THAT VC’s LOVEStrong leadership is a key feature. It is absolutely vital. Start-ups and young firms are often small enterprises, with a short management chain, and thus significant challenges on a daily basis.Qualities of the team and the founders: Team members bring different personalities to the group, and good founding groups will often counter-balance one other. The overly simple needs to be checked by the realist, and the serious needs to be lightened up by that individual with a sense of humor.A founding team is proficient at communicating to one other, and engages in this constantly. It’s important to know what the others in the team are up to and how best one can assist each other to bring the collective endeavor full circle. When things are tough and not going to plan, then the communication must be honest and brutal, but within the commitment and context of working through the problematic issues.It requires more than an unstoppable founding team to make a startup become a meaningful enterprise.A good team with a good track record: An experienced VC will relate, that at the end of the day, a decision depends upon the strength of the people who will daily be present to execute and manage the company. The VC will prefer a management team that is educated, experienced and dedicated, and, ideally, a team that has experienced some success together prior to this initiative.Innovation and cre ativity: The best founders envision the future before others and are able to get people to share in the vision.Passionate about the business idea: An experienced VC likes to see your passion and a commitment to a firm while adhering to the execution of a business plan. However, investors do not want to be over-persuaded or have to deal with an individual or entrepreneur who is too enamored of their idea or plan and is not able to see its flaws or risks.Adaptability and flexibility: Not all startups or young firms will face a dramatic challenge, but no doubt each will face challenges, therefore one needs demonstrate that one is able to handle such challenges.Trustworthy: Seasoned investors can and will tease out any skeletons in the closet during a due diligence process, moreover they will walk away if they find anything that should have been disclosed earlier. A straightforward approach to communication is essential; consider that a previous business failure may actually be regarded as a sign of experience, provided one can illustrate having learnt from the episode and have understood how to avoid future repetition.Expertise in the line of work: A firm must regularly reconstruct and refresh its individual fields of expertise and assimilate those critical capabilities required to stay in front of the pack.Being an expert doesn’t imply that one is the best, or that everything is known of what there is to know. But a real expert must distinguish oneself from the competition and others in the similar field. Show VC’s that you intimately know what you are discussing, and can confidently answer questions to dispel any uncertainty for this is the easiest way to become known as an expert in one’s field.Pitch your value: Communicate directly to the target audience with a robust value proposition and convey exactly why they should invest or purchase your product or service. It’s a clear statement of the results an investor or customer takes away from doing busin ess with your enterprise.A value proposition should not repeat worn maxims and platitudes, such as ‘your company offers great customer service’, ‘comprehensive financial planning’ or ‘cosmic portfolio performance’. These are not differentiators.Exit strategies: Starting with the exit in mind, does apply clearly to VC deals. Investors are not desirous of an everlasting marriage. Contrarily, they are also focused on how one intends to repay back their original investment and their return on their capital, within four to six years. The business plan and pitch deck must include your analysis and assessment of three of the most common exit strategies, e.g. an initial public offering (IPO), the sale of the firm; and a redemption of the VC‘s shares directly by the company.CONCLUSION AND KEY INSIGHTS TO SUCCESSIn any business, the key insights to success cannot be garnered from the Internet or instructional books. There is simply not a substitute to experience and the skills o ne has inculcated in the area of business one is specializing in. Expertise is a self-anointed title yet if one does have any specific training or experience in a chosen field then one is an expert in comparison to most others. In this context, investors are drawn to thought leaders visible on social media, and those with robust technical credentials.By definition, entrepreneurs should love the art of the start, and this passion needs to be translated as a component of the first impression you portray to a potential investor. As the product or technology may be in the early developmental stages, then actually the investor is gambling on you, and your prior track record and achievements, as much as they are investing in your startup or young firm.Above all have your pitch materials, information and presentation prepared and well-practiced. Simultaneously research and begin to network at the earliest with individuals who may offer you a warm introduction to potential investors in orde r to establish a relationship, prior to VC’s meeting you as an entrepreneur who is asking for money.Apparently, up to 80 percent of startups and young firms fail. This places great pressure on founders. Not only must they to be optimistic, self-confident, creative, and unafraid to fail â€" founders also require considerable business acumen to create a business and financial plan to entice investors. But even this is not yet enough. Founders need figure how to fuse these business and technical skills in a style which enables their firm to navigate regular challenges.It is exciting to work on a project that may become the Next Big Thing â€" but technical skills and what you think is an innovative idea, is often not enough to win investment or make your firm a success.

Tuberculosis As An Infectious Disease - 1515 Words

INFECTIOUS DISEASE: TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious diseases around the world. Globally, infectious diseases like tuberculosis among others continue to be one of the leading causes of death in children, adolescents and of the leading causes in adults (WHO). The purpose of this article is to examine and discuss mostly the etiology of tuberculosis, as well as its cause and spread. To better understand the subject of tuberculosis as an infectious disease and the problem it poses throughout the world, the following questions would be answered: What are the factors important in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases? How do sufferers and non-sufferers view tuberculosis? What is the impact of†¦show more content†¦Statistics also show that one out of seven humans die of tuberculosis. In terms of etiology, the bacterium behind tuberculosis as discovered by Koch is a very stubborn one. In his work to determine the cause of tuberculosis he describes how the bacteria shows many distinct characteristics that make them so dynamic. They are rod-shaped, thin, only one-half as long as the diameter of hemoglobin but once in a while, they are able to get as long as the diameter of a cell and belong to a group of Bacilli. In addition, they are also described to possess a form and size that resembles that of the leprosy bacillus that exists in large numbers in everywhere they exist, usually in tissue cells and also outside cells. (Koch, 1882) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a small but very rapid growing bacterium that can only live in humans. Also, it is an aerobic bacterium (meaning that it needs oxygen to survive). This would explain why its complexes are always found in the upper sacs of the lungs. For someone to actually develop Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) the bacteria would need to enter the body first and cause an infection and one of the ways for this to happen is through breathing in of Mtb infected air, thereby bringing the bacterium in contact with the lungs where it is able to thrive and grow. Another way a person develops active Mtb is when the host’s immune system is not strong enough (asShow MoreRelatedTuberculosis As A Infectious Disease1339 Words   |  6 PagesTuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease that can harm any organ of the body, especially the lungs. Every year about over a million people die due to tuberculosis and even more are infected. A person in contact with an infected individual can easily put themselves at risks of getting TB. Due to the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis infections commenced to increment more rapidly. A person with HIV has an impotent immune system which is not able to fight infectionsRead MoreTuberculosis : A Infectious Disease Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesTuberculosis; often referred to as the silent killer, is a highly infectious disease that is contracted annually by 9.3 million individuals globally, and causes 1.8 million deaths. It’s high mortality rate led to the formation of the American Lung Association in the United States in 1904, after it was declared the leading cause of death during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The origin of tuberculosis is not certain; the first documented deaths were recorded in ancient Egypt andRead MoreTuberculosis Is The Infectious Disease923 Words   |  4 Pages Tuberculosis is the infectious disease, that cause mortality worldwide and is the actual issue for worldwide health system. Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease, that may presented in an active or a latent form. It affects a various body systems, but mostly a respiratory system. This disease is triggered by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is transmitted through the air; therefore, a person gets infected by an inhaled bacterium from a person with active form of TB, and who isRead MoreTuberculosis : An Infectious Disease1399 Words   |  6 PagesInfectious diseases can attack the human body in many forms and varieties. Tuberculosis is one type of these infectious diseases that is a bacterial infection which spreads throughout the lymph nodes and within the bloodstream enabling it to affect all organs in the human body, commonly termed TB. TB is caused by the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The M. tuberculosis complex includes the species M. africanum, M. bovis, M. canettii, M. microti and M. tuberculosis, these can beRead MoreTuberculosis Is An Infectious Disease1217 Words   |  5 Pagessuffering with this disease at present even though there is vaccine widely available, there is still a high morbidity rate in some countries every year. Africa, Western and Southeast Asia are the most affected areas, making approximately 86 percent of tuberculosis cases in the world. This research paper will discuss, tuberculosis in New Zealand. It will discuss the biology of the bacterium, risks factors and the importance of immunisation and prevention. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by aRead MoreTuberculosis : An Infectious Disease Essay2029 Words   |  9 PagesTuberculosis, also known as (TB) has been around for decades and is still active across the globe. It was a huge threat to Europe and America in The 19th century. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An individual can become infected with the disease while breathing in the bacteria that is spread through the air droplets when a person coughs or speaks. TB mainly affects the lungs, however, it can attack other organs also. Tuberculosis can be fatalRead MoreTuberculosis Is An Infectious Disease Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesMinistries of Health, states there is still an increase of number of cases of tuberculosis diagnosed each year in New Zealand, approximately 300 cases. Tuberculosis is known to be one of the oldest disease among humans and today is one of the leading causes infection and death in adults. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2016) about one-third of the world’s population is suffering with this disease at present even though there are vaccine widely available. Though there is still a highRead MoreTuberculosis As An Infectious Disease1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that has afflicted individuals from the Old World for several thousands of years. This has been well documented in the archaeological record. However, the origins and development of tuberculosis in the New World have been the subject of multiple controversies. These controversies have stemmed from the discussion of whether or not Europeans introduced tuberculosis to the Americas. Evidence from South America has clearly shown that tuberculosis was presentRead MoreTuberculosis As A Infectious Disease1329 Words   |  6 PagesTuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease that can harm any organ of the body, especially the lungs. Every year about over a million people die due to tuberculosis and even more are infected. A person in contact with an infected individual can easily put themselves at risks of getting TB. Due to the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis infections began to increase more rapidly. A person with HIV has a weak immune system which is not able to fight infectionsRead MoreTuberculosis : An Infectious Disease931 Words   |  4 PagesEven though the idea of tuberculosis being hereditarily was present, tuberculosis was still agreed to be an infectious disease at this time. Tuberculosis, as many other bacterial infections, needs a host. The bacterium is not found outside of the animal’s body. The main way that tuberculosis, and many other bacteria-caused diseases spread is through sputum. It is estimated that â€Å"a fairly well advanced consumptive spit s out from one and a half to four and a third billion bacilli in twenty-four hours†

The Rise Of The Great Depression - 1217 Words

The longest, and most widespread economic nosedive that the post industrialized world has ever seen, The Great Depression. This depression affected nearly every country of the world, touching American society for roughly a decade from late 1929 thru approximately 1939. Many have accredited the infamous stock market crash of October 24, 1929, as being the singular cause of the Great Depression, which was not entirely true. While the stock market crash was highly related to the great loss of paper wealth, and the devastation of American optimism, it alone was not the cause. Following the crash Americans of all wealth classes simply stopped spending, the tightening of these purse strings crippled the economy. Additionally, the weak†¦show more content†¦The market was in a state of fluctuation, plunging, pausing and then finally plunging to the lowest it had ever been by the summer of 1932. The plummeting Stock Market rates did not create the depression, its effects did. As a result of the Stock crash American consumers, simply stopped spending money, their former â€Å"fancy and free† way of life had been replaced with immense caution. Consumers were leery of spending money in the uncertain economy, the pessimism of consumers left rippling effects. Previously the market for new innovations was skyrocketing, Americans were buying like never before. The buying surge gave revenue to all industries, ranging from manufacturing companies to the suppliers of raw materials such as steel and coal. Consumers and manufactures thought that this surge could perpetuate endless revenue, the blind optimism led to great letdown. Once the Americans with buying power had satisfied their needs, as well as the limits of the household income had been met, the buying slowed. This decrease in buying, led directly to a decrease in manufacturing and reduction of price for items previously manufactured. Now that the consumer market was considerably smaller, companies wer e forced to lay off employees, fore without new revenue payroll was a luxury that could not be afforded. Initially, the middle class working Americans were hit the hardest

Animals Are Better in Zoos Free Essays

Imagine a powerful tiger drooling through the savanna lands trying to sneak up and attack it’s unsuspecting pray. Tigers are known to be ruthless kings of the wild, but have you ever asked yourself if tigers are better off in captivity or if they are better off in the wild? In other words keeping tigers in zoos is a form of animal cruelty. Animal cruelty can be defined as physical abuse, mental abuse and the quality or condition of being cruel. We will write a custom essay sample on Animals Are Better in Zoos or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the years many controversial issues have emerged, â€Å"In the wild, tigers live for approximately 14 to 18 years, while in captivity they can live over 19 years†(Satchell). Yes it might be true but tigers in zoos are affected by extreme boredom, lack of appropriate exercise and poor quality of food. In zoos, not only are tigers fed processes meat, â€Å"often still frozen† that is loaded with many preservatives. This is done according to zoos, because its both easy to store and easy to feed. This procedure not only does it hurt the tigers digestive system but also lacks nutrition and its effectiveness. In zoos tigers are treated like prisoners locked up in cages that only measure in square feet. For example, tigers in the wild typically spend ten hours of the day hunting and â€Å"†¦ monitoring their territory†(San Diego Zoo). However they are unable to perform these activities in zoos and are forced to replace there typical physical activity by pacing through their cages in order to release their energy. As Mckenna from BBC news would say, â€Å"Zoos send the message that it’s acceptable to maintain wild animals in captivity, and this contributes to animal cruelty at roadside zoos and circuses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Satchell) Those who support animal rights believe and understand that the harm caused by zoos outweighs the benefits that the facilities may provide. For example, tigers in zoos are anesthetized annually, their teeth are checked, blood is drawn from them and x-rays are taken. â€Å"This procedure may sound like a good practice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (PETA), but anesthesia is really bad on â€Å"exotic cats†. In zoos â€Å" the big attraction is baby tigers so tigers are bred to death†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (PETA) but if the tiger is not allowed to breed then they put them on birth controls that cause cancer over the years. According to PETA zoo babies are great but what happens when babies grow up? According to PETA, zoos often sell or put tigers to sleep who no longer attract visitors, and those who are sold become laboratories for experiments. Ultimately animals and visitors are the ones who pay the price when we have zoos. One perfect example, is Tatiana the Siberian tiger who escaped her substandard enclosure at the San Francisco Zoo in 2007 and was shot to death after she killed one person and injured two others. A PETA investigation of numerous zoos across the country also revealed that tigers in zoos â€Å"Spend much of their time pacing walking in tight circle swaying or rolling their heads and showing other sighs of psychological distress†(PETA) Yes tigers and animals suffer more than neglect and stress in zoos. Yes protecting species from extinction sounds good but zoos officials usually favor exotic or popular animals like tigers and lions who draw more crowds and neglect less popular species. In other word zoos claim to educate people and preserve species but they frequently falls short. In reality there is no evidence that zoos are the most effective place for animals such as tiger to be in and yes all zoos can be compared to all. So next time you see a tiger locked up in a zoo think of animal cruelty because you would not like to be locked up in a prison. In other words zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals in captivity, bored, cramped, lonely and far from their natural homes. How to cite Animals Are Better in Zoos, Papers

Sports history Essay Example

Sports history Essay One of the means for US to know more about the history of sports and its improvements throughout the years is through a persons past experiences.   In 1944, Indonesia was under colonial control of the Netherlands. It was not until the end of 1949, when Indonesia obtained its independence from the Netherlands (Steven Drakely, 2005) The history of sport is not well documented as little was written on it, for this reason, I interviewed Crecentia Saroha an Indonesian woman in order to get first hand information on the history of sport.   I will try to explore how two different cultures Dutch and Indonesia interact to shape the physical activity opportunities in Indonesia. Crecentia was born and bred in Indonesia, at a place called Sidikalang.   Her father was a salesperson while the mother was a housewife.   She is the third born in a family of six sisters and four brothers.   They are Catholics.   At the age of 67, Crecentia admits much has changed in the arena of Sports.   During her childhood, the most popular games were Badminton and ‘Sepak takrow’. This sport term is new to me so I ask her to ex pound. â€Å"Sepak takraw is a combination between volleyball and soccer. Basically it is played like volleyball without the use of hands but the feet and head only just like soccer,† explains Crecentia.   In addition, the ball is not supposed to touch the ground, which is similar to volleyball.   She says. Crecentia loved to swim by the lake nearby her house, a skill she learnt at school.   Sports were emphasized at school level and mandatory morning exercises were given before school started.   Crecentia adds. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports history specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sports history specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sports history specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Crecentia admits that she enjoyed sports even without thinking about its use for our bodies. ‘Back in the school days ‘Pendedikan Jasmni’ was mandatory.   â€Å"The teachers told me doing sports we can maintain our healthy body as well as physical appearance,† says Crecentia. The role of women in some cultures was limited to child bearing and playing good wife and mothers.   Women were discouraged from participating in any leisure or physical activity despite the benefits. The struggle for women rights and specifically involvement in sport changed during the civil rights era.   As Bell, R.(2007) denotes ‘The push for civil rights, which culminated in the passage of civil rights Act of 1964, helped increase the status of women and minorities’ Women were able to engage in sport. From this knowledge, I am interested to know if there were any stambling blocks in doing sports during Crecentias childhood days.   Things like gender difference, social class, culture and religion, I suggest. According to Crecentia, she does not believe there was any on her part. She was raised under Catholic influence.   However, she adds that back in those days women obligations were different from those of men, which had an impact on sports.   For instance, she says ordinary women could not do sport as their leisure activity.   Women needed to dress themselves and get ready to married at a young age.   Nevertheless, Crecentia’s family was different and she had the independence to choose her leisure activities. The revolution of women in America seems to have had spill off effects into other nations across the world.   This seems to be the case because Crenentia does not mention any restrictions placed on her to participate in sports.   Unlike other women, she was independent to choose her leisure sport.   Benjamin Radars in his book The American Revolution: from the age of folk games to the age of Television Sports (2004) illustrates that ‘the revolution in women’s athletics is at full, running tide, bringing with it a sea of change not just in activities but attitudes as well’. Crecentia attitude is a clear illustration of change in attitude. From our interview she says, â€Å"Do not tell anyone. But I do enjoy sports without thinking about its use for our body†, then she laughs. She also uses expressions as ‘I do feel to enjoy swimming the most because I love kicking water’ and ‘it is my nature I would say.’ The history of sports in Indonesia seems to have been trouble free.   So far, Crecentia makes no mention of discrimination.   However, history literature has documented numerous issues of racial discrimination.   I am inclined to probe further into Crecentias childhood.   Besides the difference in obligation that women had to fulfill when they were young, I wonder if there was any racism in sports.   America had a troubled history fighting racism.   Heroes like Martin Luther king in his speech ‘I have a dream’ said that I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation wh ere they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.   However, Crecentia is quick to tell me that she does not think there was any discrimination in sports in lines of race.   Crecentia loved to swim by the nearby lake and kick in the water.   She says it is her nature with that attitude one should naturally assume that she would have turn profession at that early age.   Sports were viewed as important and mandatory at school.   When asked what happened of her swimming she reports that back in her days women were not free to roam around and do any sort of leisure activities.   They were supposed to dress themselves and get ready to be married at a young age.   Even though she was not tied down by this ideology, she was somewhat confined by the cultural views of others.   It seems that through the interaction of the Dutch and Indonesians, participation in leisure time and physical activity increased among women. The issues of gender equality in terms of access to education, careers and sports have been central since the women liberation movements in the United States in the 1960s.   (Dong Jinxia, 2003) Changes have resulted developments like Title IX and Sex Discrimination Acts contributed to this.   According to Radar, he remarks â€Å"Title IX in effect simply outlawed any sexual discrimination by school districts.†Ã‚   To some extent, title IX revolutionized sporting in Indonesia in terms of enforcing mandatory physical education or as commonly known in Indonesia ‘Pendidikan Jasmani’ On the back of these developments, there still existed some discrimination on basis of social class.   Crecentia let me know that her parents were peasants.   Her father a small-scale sales man and the mother a homemaker and a family of ten; barely enough money was left to partake in leisure activities like sport.   According to Berg and Pasgorel (2006), Individuals with low incomes are usually sidelined from physical exercises compared to those with higher incomes.   In addition, the culture of a people depicts what they value as important.   In the case of Crecentia, sports may not have been valued as other things like marriage and child bearing come first. From Crecentia’s account, great importance was attached to sports.   When asked if there are any differences in terms of sports since her childhood up to date she responds by saying â€Å"I do not thing there is any difference in terms of sports.   All that is different is the way of thinking about the importance of sports’ Indonesia’s value sports and many traditional games such as Sepak takraw are still played in Indonesia learning more on it as a recreational activity rather than a professional sport.   Badminton and tennis takes precedence in Indonesia.   For instance, Indonesia is long standing champions in badminton and tennis with legendary players such as Ruby Hartans and Katty Zimmerman.   The government of Indonesia particularly encourages ‘Sports for all’ women and men from all social cadres are encouraged to participate. (http://cp-pc.ca/english/indonesia/sports.html). The impact of gender equality in sport has been profound.   Indonesian women now participate on other sports besides the popular badminton and soccer.   It is interesting to note that the first gold medal won in the Olympics held at Seoul in 1998 was from the Indonesians women archery team (http://cp-pc.ca/english/indonesia/sports.html) This went a long way to confirm Chairman Mao’s slogans ‘women hold half the sky’ and ‘women can do what men can do’. (Dong Jinxia) Sport has had great importance since historic times.   Physical activity keeps of stress, fights diseases and boost overall immunity.   Some people say that a sport is the remedy of life or even the springtime of youth.   Crecentia emphatically agrees and adds that the older one is the more one thinks on how important sport is to ones life.

AP US History DBQ Articles of Confederation... essays

AP US History DBQ Articles of Confederation... essays An effective government is one that will responsibly carry out and defend the wishes and rights of the people, while keeping the country stable and strong. Between the years of 1781 and 1789 the Articles of Confederation failed to provide the United States with an effective government. The country was no in a stable state, economically, politically, or defensively. Under The Articles of Confederation the government could not levy taxes which added to a huge economic problem. The Articles also tried to limit the power of the central government and instead gave it to the states which turned out to be a completely unrealistic approach to creating a stable nation. However possibly the biggest weakness under The Articles of Confederation was the lack of defense. The American economy decreased significantly when the Articles of Confederation were ratified in 1781. (Doc B) This was because the Articles of Confederation did not grant the central government the power to regulate trade or tax. Instead taxation was left to the individual states. The states, having been granted power under The Articles of Confederation decided they would not pay. The citizens of the few states that did institute a tax to help pay the enormous debt of the war felt out of touch with their tax. Most did not know the current situation of the government nor did they care to and they did not know why they were being taxed. Instead they felt they were being taxed unfairly. This led to uprisings such as Shays Rebellion which threatened the government severely. The government also lacked the power to regulate trade. To one proposed tariff, the Rhode Island Assembly to Congress responded (Doc. A), [B]y granting to Congress a power to collect moneys from the commerce of the se states...is repugnant to the liberty of the United States. Rhode Island felt that this tax was not in the interest of the people and it also thought ...

Preparing for a layoff 7 steps you need to take

Preparing for a layoff 7 steps you need to take Sometimes you see the warning signs coming- you got a bad performance review, or your coworkers are being laid off left and right. Whether it’s the business itself showing signs of budget cuts or just a gut feeling you have, if you’re worried that a layoff is coming your way, now is a smart time to get financially prepared for when you need a cushion to fall back on. 7 steps to preparing yourself for a job lossSpend time job-browsing each weekKnowing what companies are hiring and what opportunities are available now can help you later on down the road. It takes about three to six months to find a new job after a layoff, but if you start researching your next best job now, you can get closer to the three-month mark or even beat it.The better prepared you are for finding your next job, the better your financial situation will be. Keeping an eye out for openings of a company you’d love to work for will help you get in the right routine before the pressure is on. Eve n searching potential part-time opportunities to help keep you afloat as you find a full-time position could be an excellent option. And if your company has any networking events, take advantage! Get started on making a connection now so you don’t have to worry later.Budget nowFor some, it’s enough to make ends meet with steady employment. If you don’t like spreadsheets or math, or spending time on your budget, get over that quick. Being aware of how you spend your money can be eye-opening, and simple changes can help you stretch your dollars.  Analyzing your spending habits and challenging yourself to spend less- whether it’s eating out less or making your own coffee at home rather than buying on the way to work- can help you prepare for a job loss so you are aware of the amount you need to cover the essentials.Start an emergency fund (if you don’t already have one)Your finances should be more than a matter of simply paying your bills on time- u ltimately, you want to be able to save for the future. But not everyone is in that position yet. Even if you live paycheck to paycheck, try to pay into an emergency fund a little each week, like it’s a bill you owe to your future self. Future you, suddenly caught without a functioning hot water heater, will thank you.Get what benefits you can nowDoes your current job offer dental coverage? Go see the dentist now before you’re hit with a layoff. Same goes with your primary physician. Get a routine physical done before you potentially lose those benefits. Many jobs also offer career advancement opportunities, or other perks like a Health Savings Account or 401K matching. Figure out how you can get the most out of these opportunities now. If your company offers severance pay, calculate that into your budget to see if it will be enough to keep you afloat for several months.Build a new revenue streamAssess your skills, and explore opportunities for side gigs. Some ideas are freelancing, being an Uber driver, or bartending, but there are many ways to make extra cash each week beyond your current job- even if you simply want to sell stuff you no longer need on eBay. Finding small ways to earn extra cash will help you save more, and if you do get laid off, you will have another source of revenue to fall back on- and another opportunity to build upon.Target your debtBeing in debt means you’re paying more for something than you should because you’re paying interest over time. Many people have crushing student loan debt, credit card debt, or mortgage payments to make each month that can be hard to tackle when you’re laid off. There are temporary fixes, like deferments for student loans or transferring credit card debt to zero interest cards, but ultimately you need to make a plan to pay it off. Even consider looking at refinancing or discussing potential payment reduction plans with lenders- because the longer you delay actually paying, the more you end up owing over time.Research unemployment benefitsUnemployment benefits will differ by state and by job and can be difficult to navigate, especially while you feel the emotional and financial effects of job loss. Learning the rules a little before you’re hit with a layoff can help you prepare. Even simply figuring out what amount of money you’ll receive can help you target the budget you’ll need to stick to as you search for your next job opportunity.

Ch 41 dis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ch 41 dis - Essay Example ence liable for payment of USD 473, 790.18 towards response costs out of the total response costs amounted to USD 1,302,290.18 (Antitrust Division 2003). The share of response payment cost towards Alcan was only 5% of the defendant pool. Furthermore, it seems that Alcans share of liability is distributed on a contributory basis (Antitrust Division 2003). The court further observed that determination of harm is indivisible and it will not frustrate the right of a defendant to seek fair share of response cost from other defendants, as the contribution proceeds is on equitable footing. The court permitted to allocate response cost amongst the responsible where the court has no discretion to determine division of response cost (Antitrust Division 2003). Antitrust Division. United States v. Alcan Inc., Alcan Aluminum Corp., Pechiney, S.A., and Pechiney Rolled Products, LLC; Complaint, Proposed Final Judgment and Competitive Impact Statement. Federal Registrar, 2003. Accessed 7 July 2012.

Perceptions of Adjustment to Stepfamily Living Case Study

Perceptions of Adjustment to Stepfamily Living - Case Study Example According to the paper the age of the child to be included will be limited from age thirteen to eighteen. This case study will help individuals, couples, and families determine how to meet stepfamily challenges through a clearer understanding of how their own perceptions are contingent upon particular outcomes. This study will additionally contribute to the fields of social science, psychology and family therapy by adding to the already existing body of knowledge on stepfamily functioning. Finally, such information would be particularly valuable to professionals in the field who can draw on the findings to assist them as they work with stepfamilies in their daily practice, and to understand the value of the utilization of the therapeutic process. This study declares that stepfamilies are becoming an increasingly more common type of family in almost all countries, especially in the UK and USA. Increasing parental separation over past decades means that approximately one million children under 18 years of age will experience the divorce of their parents. A large population pool for remarriages and the formation of stepfamilies is created by high divorce rates. Estimates project that 50-60 percent of couples in first marriages will separate. Research indicates that women (mothers) ordinarily re-partner within 3-5 years post-separation and men (fathers) typically re-partner within 1-2 years of separation, most of these include children from a prior marriage, and thus, stepfamilies are formed. While educational, social, and economic factors present unique barriers to stepfamilies, societal stereotyping is another major challenge that stepfamilies encounter. The negative stereotyping of stepfamilies may lead new members of stepfami lies to expect negative outcomes which can then increase the chance of family disharmony.  

Hemingways Economy Of Style English Literature Essay

Hemingways Economy Of Style English Literature Essay A Clean, Well-Lighted Place is arguably not only one of Hemingways best short stories but also a story that clearly demonstrates the techniques of Hemingways signature writing style. Hemingway is known for his economic prose-his writing is minimalist and sparse, with few adverbs or adjectives. He includes only essential information, often omitting background information, transitions, and dialogue tags such as he said or she said. He often uses pronouns without clear antecedents, such as using the word it without clarifying what it refers to. Hemingway applies the iceberg principle to his stories: only the tip of the story is visible on the page, while the rest is left underwater-unsaid. Hemingway also rarely specifies which waiter is speaking in the story because he has deemed such clarification unnecessary. The essential element is that two waiters are discussing a drunk old man-the rest can be omitted according to Hemingways economy of style. When the older waiter contemplates the idea of nothingness, Hemingway loads the sentences with vague pronouns, never clarifying what they refer to: It was all a nothing.  .  .  . It was only that.  .  .  . Some lived in it  .  .  . Although these lines are somewhat confusing, the confusion is the point. This nothingness cant be defined clearly, no matter how many words are used. Hemingway uses fewer words and lets the effect of his style speak for itself. The Deceptive Pacing of the Story Hemingway does not waste words on changing scenes or marking the passage of time, leaving it up to us to keep track of whats happening and the storys pacing. For example, only a brief conversation between the waiters takes place between the time when the younger waiter serves the old man a brandy and the time when the old man asks for another. Hemingway is not suggesting that the old man has slugged back the brandy quickly. In fact, the old man stays in the cafà © for a long time. Time has lapsed here, but Hemingway leaves it up to us to follow the pace of the story. The pace of A Clean, Well-Lighted Place may seem swift, but the action of the story actually stretches out for much longer than it appears to. The sitting, drinking, and contemplating that take place are languid actions. We may read the story quickly, but the scenes themselves are not quick. Just as Hemingway doesnt waste words by trying to slow down his scenes, he also refrains from including unnecessary transitions. F or example, when the older waiter leaves the cafà © and mulls over the idea of nothingness, he finishes his parody of prayer and, without any transition that suggests that he was walking, we suddenly find him standing at a bar. Hemingway lets the waiters thoughts serve as the transition. When he writes, He smiled and stood before a bar, were meant to understand that the waiter had been walking and moving as he was thinking to himself. And when the waiter orders a drink at the bar, the bartender offers him another just two sentences later. Again, Hemingway is not suggesting that the waiter gulps his drink. Instead, he conveys only the most essential information in the scene. Existentialism and the Lost Generation The term Lost Generation refers to the writers and artists living in Paris after World War I. The violence of World War I, also called the Great War, was unprecedented and invalidated previous ideas about faith, life, and death. Traditional values that focused on God, love, and manhood dissolved, leaving Lost Generation writers adrift. They struggled with moral and psychological aimlessness as they searched for the meaning of life in a changed world. This search for meaning and these feelings of emptiness and aimlessness reflect some of the principle ideas behind existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophical movement rooted in the work of the Danish philosopher Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard, who lived in the mid-1800s. The movement gained popularity in the mid-1900s thanks to the work of the French intellectuals Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Albert Camus, including Sartres Being and Nothingness (1943). According to existentialists, life has no purpose, the universe is indiffer ent to human beings, and humans must look to their own actions to create meaning, if it is possible to create meaning at all. Existentialists consider questions of personal freedom and responsibility. Although Hemingway was writing years before existentialism became a prominent cultural idea, his questioning of life and his experiences as a searching member of the Lost Generation gave his work existentialist overtones. Themes, Motifs, and Symbols Themes Life as Nothingness In A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, Hemingway suggests that life has no meaning and that man is an insignificant speck in a great sea of nothingness. The older waiter makes this idea as clear as he can when he says, It was all a nothing and man was a nothing too. When he substitutes the Spanish word nada (nothing) into the prayers he recites, he indicates that religion, to which many people turn to find meaning and purpose, is also just nothingness. Rather than pray with the actual words, Our Father who art in heaven, the older waiter says, Our nada who art in nada-effectively wiping out both God and the idea of heaven in one breath. Not everyone is aware of the nothingness, however. For example, the younger waiter hurtles through his life hastily and happily, unaware of any reason why he should lament. For the old man, the older waiter, and the other people who need late-night cafà ©s, however, the idea of nothingness is overwhelming and leads to despair. The Struggle to Deal with Despair The old man and older waiter in A Clean, Well-Lighted Place struggle to find a way to deal with their despair, but even their best method simply subdues the despair rather than cures it. The old man has tried to stave off despair in several unsuccessful ways. We learn that he has money, but money has not helped. We learn that he was once married, but he no longer has a wife. We also learn that he has unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide in a desperate attempt to quell the despair for good. The only way the old man can deal with his despair now is to sit for hours in a clean, well-lit cafà ©. Deaf, he can feel the quietness of the nighttime and the cafà ©, and although he is essentially in his own private world, sitting by himself in the cafà © is not the same as being alone. The older waiter, in his mocking prayers filled with the word nada, shows that religion is not a viable method of dealing with despair, and his solution is the same as the old mans: he waits out the nighttime in cafà ©s. He is particular about the type of cafà © he likes: the cafà © must be well lit and clean. Bars and bodegas, although many are open all night, do not lessen despair because they are not clean, and patrons often must stand at the bar rather than sit at a table. The old man and the older waiter also glean solace from routine. The ritualistic cafà ©-sitting and drinking help them deal with despair because it makes life predictable. Routine is something they can control and manage, unlike the vast nothingness that surrounds them. Motifs Loneliness Loneliness pervades A Clean, Well-Lighted Place and suggests that even though there are many people struggling with despair, everyone must struggle alone. The deaf old man, with no wife and only a niece to care for him, is visibly lonely. The younger waiter, frustrated that the old man wont go home, defines himself and the old man in opposites: Hes lonely. Im not lonely. Loneliness, for the younger waiter, is a key difference between them, but he gives no thought to why the old man might be lonely and doesnt consider the possibility that he may one day be lonely too. The older waiter, although he doesnt say explicitly that he is lonely, is so similar to the old man in his habit of sitting in cafà ©s late at night that we can assume that he too suffers from loneliness. The older waiter goes home to his room and lies in bed alone, telling himself that he merely suffers from sleeplessness. Even in this claim, however, he instinctively reaches out for company, adding, Many must have it. The thought that he is not alone in having insomnia or being lonely comforts him. Symbols The Cafà © The cafà © represents the opposite of nothingness: its cleanliness and good lighting suggest order and clarity, whereas nothingness is chaotic, confusing, and dark. Because the cafà © is so different from the nothingness the older waiter describes, it serves as a natural refuge from the despair felt by those who are acutely aware of the nothingness. In a clean, brightly lit cafà ©, despair can be controlled and even temporarily forgotten. When the older waiter describes the nothingness that is life, he says, It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order. The it in the sentence is never defined, but we can speculate about the waiters meaning: although life and man are nothing, light, clealiness, and order can serve as substance. They can help stave off the despair that comes from feeling completely unanchored to anyone or anything. As long as a clean, well-lighted cafà © exists, despair can be kept in check.

Fair Election Process in India Essay

India has an asymmetric federal government, with elected officials at the federal, state and local levels. At the national level, the head of government, Prime Minister, is elected by the members of Lok Sabha, lower house of the parliament of India.[1] All members of Lok Sabha except two, who can be nominated by president of India, are directly elected through general elections which takes place every five years, in normal circumstances, by universal adult suffrage.[2] Members of Rajya Sabha, upper house of Indian parliament, are elected by elected members of the legislative assemblies of states and electoral college for Union Territories of India.[3] In 2009, the elections involved an electorate of 714 million[4] (larger than both EU and US elections combined[5]). Declared expenditure has trebled since 1989 to almost $300 million, using more than one million electronic voting machines.[6] The size of the huge electorate mandates that elections be conducted in a number of phases (there were four phases in 2004 General Elections and five phases in 2009 General Elections). It involves a number of step-by-step processes from announcement of election dates by the Election Commission of India, which brings into force the ‘model code of conduct’ for the political parties, to the announcement of results and submission of the list of successful candidates to the executive head of the state or the centre. The submission of results marks the end of the election process, thereby paving way for the formation of the new government.

Perspectives On Psychology And Evaluate Their Key Assumptions

Perspectives in Psychology This essay will give detailed descriptions of the behaviourist and cognitive perspectives in psychology and evaluate their key assumptions. The strengths and limitations of each perspective will be discussed along with an evaluation of their applications to contemporary issues in psychology. Finally there will be an analysis of the similarities and differences between each perspective and a conclusion. The behaviourist perspective is a scientific approach within psychology which claims that we are blank slates at birth and all human behaviour is learnt.Behaviourism was developed by John Watson in America in the early 1900s, (Cullis, T1999). Behaviourists focus on external conditions, learning and experience†¦show more content†¦He investigated his theory further by repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditional stimulus, such as the ringing of a bell with the arrival of food; this eventually led to the bell ringing alone causing the dog to salivate. Pavlov believed the bell was a conditional stimulus and salivating to the bell was considered the conditional response. B. F. Skinner was another influential psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning. Unlike Pavlov, Skinner thought that behaviour was determined by the consequences or rewards generated after the response, he called this operant conditioning, (Cherry, K 2005). Skinner invented a device which contained a button which an animal could press in order to gain food, water or some other form of reinforcement. Using this box he discovered two forms of reinforcement, positive (which resulted in a favourable outcome), and negative (which resulted in removal of unfavourable outcomes). Cognitive psychology, as opposed to behavioural psychology, is the science of how we think. Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the human brain and its functioning as an information processor. Key areas of interest within cognitive psychology are mental processes such as memory, perception, problem solving, language, creativity, attention span and thinking. Ulric Neisser published Cognitive Psychology in 1967