Tuberculosis As An Infectious Disease - 1515 Words

INFECTIOUS DISEASE: TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious diseases around the world. Globally, infectious diseases like tuberculosis among others continue to be one of the leading causes of death in children, adolescents and of the leading causes in adults (WHO). The purpose of this article is to examine and discuss mostly the etiology of tuberculosis, as well as its cause and spread. To better understand the subject of tuberculosis as an infectious disease and the problem it poses throughout the world, the following questions would be answered: What are the factors important in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases? How do sufferers and non-sufferers view tuberculosis? What is the impact of†¦show more content†¦Statistics also show that one out of seven humans die of tuberculosis. In terms of etiology, the bacterium behind tuberculosis as discovered by Koch is a very stubborn one. In his work to determine the cause of tuberculosis he describes how the bacteria shows many distinct characteristics that make them so dynamic. They are rod-shaped, thin, only one-half as long as the diameter of hemoglobin but once in a while, they are able to get as long as the diameter of a cell and belong to a group of Bacilli. In addition, they are also described to possess a form and size that resembles that of the leprosy bacillus that exists in large numbers in everywhere they exist, usually in tissue cells and also outside cells. (Koch, 1882) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a small but very rapid growing bacterium that can only live in humans. Also, it is an aerobic bacterium (meaning that it needs oxygen to survive). This would explain why its complexes are always found in the upper sacs of the lungs. For someone to actually develop Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) the bacteria would need to enter the body first and cause an infection and one of the ways for this to happen is through breathing in of Mtb infected air, thereby bringing the bacterium in contact with the lungs where it is able to thrive and grow. Another way a person develops active Mtb is when the host’s immune system is not strong enough (asShow MoreRelatedTuberculosis As A Infectious Disease1339 Words   |  6 PagesTuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease that can harm any organ of the body, especially the lungs. Every year about over a million people die due to tuberculosis and even more are infected. A person in contact with an infected individual can easily put themselves at risks of getting TB. Due to the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis infections commenced to increment more rapidly. A person with HIV has an impotent immune system which is not able to fight infectionsRead MoreTuberculosis : A Infectious Disease Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesTuberculosis; often referred to as the silent killer, is a highly infectious disease that is contracted annually by 9.3 million individuals globally, and causes 1.8 million deaths. It’s high mortality rate led to the formation of the American Lung Association in the United States in 1904, after it was declared the leading cause of death during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The origin of tuberculosis is not certain; the first documented deaths were recorded in ancient Egypt andRead MoreTuberculosis Is The Infectious Disease923 Words   |  4 Pages Tuberculosis is the infectious disease, that cause mortality worldwide and is the actual issue for worldwide health system. Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease, that may presented in an active or a latent form. It affects a various body systems, but mostly a respiratory system. This disease is triggered by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is transmitted through the air; therefore, a person gets infected by an inhaled bacterium from a person with active form of TB, and who isRead MoreTuberculosis : An Infectious Disease1399 Words   |  6 PagesInfectious diseases can attack the human body in many forms and varieties. Tuberculosis is one type of these infectious diseases that is a bacterial infection which spreads throughout the lymph nodes and within the bloodstream enabling it to affect all organs in the human body, commonly termed TB. TB is caused by the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The M. tuberculosis complex includes the species M. africanum, M. bovis, M. canettii, M. microti and M. tuberculosis, these can beRead MoreTuberculosis Is An Infectious Disease1217 Words   |  5 Pagessuffering with this disease at present even though there is vaccine widely available, there is still a high morbidity rate in some countries every year. Africa, Western and Southeast Asia are the most affected areas, making approximately 86 percent of tuberculosis cases in the world. This research paper will discuss, tuberculosis in New Zealand. It will discuss the biology of the bacterium, risks factors and the importance of immunisation and prevention. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by aRead MoreTuberculosis : An Infectious Disease Essay2029 Words   |  9 PagesTuberculosis, also known as (TB) has been around for decades and is still active across the globe. It was a huge threat to Europe and America in The 19th century. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An individual can become infected with the disease while breathing in the bacteria that is spread through the air droplets when a person coughs or speaks. TB mainly affects the lungs, however, it can attack other organs also. Tuberculosis can be fatalRead MoreTuberculosis Is An Infectious Disease Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesMinistries of Health, states there is still an increase of number of cases of tuberculosis diagnosed each year in New Zealand, approximately 300 cases. Tuberculosis is known to be one of the oldest disease among humans and today is one of the leading causes infection and death in adults. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2016) about one-third of the world’s population is suffering with this disease at present even though there are vaccine widely available. Though there is still a highRead MoreTuberculosis As An Infectious Disease1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that has afflicted individuals from the Old World for several thousands of years. This has been well documented in the archaeological record. However, the origins and development of tuberculosis in the New World have been the subject of multiple controversies. These controversies have stemmed from the discussion of whether or not Europeans introduced tuberculosis to the Americas. Evidence from South America has clearly shown that tuberculosis was presentRead MoreTuberculosis As A Infectious Disease1329 Words   |  6 PagesTuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease that can harm any organ of the body, especially the lungs. Every year about over a million people die due to tuberculosis and even more are infected. A person in contact with an infected individual can easily put themselves at risks of getting TB. Due to the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis infections began to increase more rapidly. A person with HIV has a weak immune system which is not able to fight infectionsRead MoreTuberculosis : An Infectious Disease931 Words   |  4 PagesEven though the idea of tuberculosis being hereditarily was present, tuberculosis was still agreed to be an infectious disease at this time. Tuberculosis, as many other bacterial infections, needs a host. The bacterium is not found outside of the animal’s body. The main way that tuberculosis, and many other bacteria-caused diseases spread is through sputum. It is estimated that â€Å"a fairly well advanced consumptive spit s out from one and a half to four and a third billion bacilli in twenty-four hours†

The Rise Of The Great Depression - 1217 Words

The longest, and most widespread economic nosedive that the post industrialized world has ever seen, The Great Depression. This depression affected nearly every country of the world, touching American society for roughly a decade from late 1929 thru approximately 1939. Many have accredited the infamous stock market crash of October 24, 1929, as being the singular cause of the Great Depression, which was not entirely true. While the stock market crash was highly related to the great loss of paper wealth, and the devastation of American optimism, it alone was not the cause. Following the crash Americans of all wealth classes simply stopped spending, the tightening of these purse strings crippled the economy. Additionally, the weak†¦show more content†¦The market was in a state of fluctuation, plunging, pausing and then finally plunging to the lowest it had ever been by the summer of 1932. The plummeting Stock Market rates did not create the depression, its effects did. As a result of the Stock crash American consumers, simply stopped spending money, their former â€Å"fancy and free† way of life had been replaced with immense caution. Consumers were leery of spending money in the uncertain economy, the pessimism of consumers left rippling effects. Previously the market for new innovations was skyrocketing, Americans were buying like never before. The buying surge gave revenue to all industries, ranging from manufacturing companies to the suppliers of raw materials such as steel and coal. Consumers and manufactures thought that this surge could perpetuate endless revenue, the blind optimism led to great letdown. Once the Americans with buying power had satisfied their needs, as well as the limits of the household income had been met, the buying slowed. This decrease in buying, led directly to a decrease in manufacturing and reduction of price for items previously manufactured. Now that the consumer market was considerably smaller, companies wer e forced to lay off employees, fore without new revenue payroll was a luxury that could not be afforded. Initially, the middle class working Americans were hit the hardest

Animals Are Better in Zoos Free Essays

Imagine a powerful tiger drooling through the savanna lands trying to sneak up and attack it’s unsuspecting pray. Tigers are known to be ruthless kings of the wild, but have you ever asked yourself if tigers are better off in captivity or if they are better off in the wild? In other words keeping tigers in zoos is a form of animal cruelty. Animal cruelty can be defined as physical abuse, mental abuse and the quality or condition of being cruel. We will write a custom essay sample on Animals Are Better in Zoos or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the years many controversial issues have emerged, â€Å"In the wild, tigers live for approximately 14 to 18 years, while in captivity they can live over 19 years†(Satchell). Yes it might be true but tigers in zoos are affected by extreme boredom, lack of appropriate exercise and poor quality of food. In zoos, not only are tigers fed processes meat, â€Å"often still frozen† that is loaded with many preservatives. This is done according to zoos, because its both easy to store and easy to feed. This procedure not only does it hurt the tigers digestive system but also lacks nutrition and its effectiveness. In zoos tigers are treated like prisoners locked up in cages that only measure in square feet. For example, tigers in the wild typically spend ten hours of the day hunting and â€Å"†¦ monitoring their territory†(San Diego Zoo). However they are unable to perform these activities in zoos and are forced to replace there typical physical activity by pacing through their cages in order to release their energy. As Mckenna from BBC news would say, â€Å"Zoos send the message that it’s acceptable to maintain wild animals in captivity, and this contributes to animal cruelty at roadside zoos and circuses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Satchell) Those who support animal rights believe and understand that the harm caused by zoos outweighs the benefits that the facilities may provide. For example, tigers in zoos are anesthetized annually, their teeth are checked, blood is drawn from them and x-rays are taken. â€Å"This procedure may sound like a good practice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (PETA), but anesthesia is really bad on â€Å"exotic cats†. In zoos â€Å" the big attraction is baby tigers so tigers are bred to death†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (PETA) but if the tiger is not allowed to breed then they put them on birth controls that cause cancer over the years. According to PETA zoo babies are great but what happens when babies grow up? According to PETA, zoos often sell or put tigers to sleep who no longer attract visitors, and those who are sold become laboratories for experiments. Ultimately animals and visitors are the ones who pay the price when we have zoos. One perfect example, is Tatiana the Siberian tiger who escaped her substandard enclosure at the San Francisco Zoo in 2007 and was shot to death after she killed one person and injured two others. A PETA investigation of numerous zoos across the country also revealed that tigers in zoos â€Å"Spend much of their time pacing walking in tight circle swaying or rolling their heads and showing other sighs of psychological distress†(PETA) Yes tigers and animals suffer more than neglect and stress in zoos. Yes protecting species from extinction sounds good but zoos officials usually favor exotic or popular animals like tigers and lions who draw more crowds and neglect less popular species. In other word zoos claim to educate people and preserve species but they frequently falls short. In reality there is no evidence that zoos are the most effective place for animals such as tiger to be in and yes all zoos can be compared to all. So next time you see a tiger locked up in a zoo think of animal cruelty because you would not like to be locked up in a prison. In other words zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals in captivity, bored, cramped, lonely and far from their natural homes. How to cite Animals Are Better in Zoos, Papers